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Tesamorelin References: Every Source Behind the Figures

The complete citation list for this digest — pivotal trials, pharmacokinetic analyses, the LiverTox monograph, and the 2026 meta-analysis, with DOIs and PubMed links.

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About this reference list

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to one of the sources below. The list spans the two pivotal Phase 3 RCTs in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, the earlier dose-ranging trial, the JAMA hepatic-fat trial, the mechanistic studies in healthy men, the dedicated population-pharmacokinetic and PK/PD analyses that anchor the PK lens, the preclinical receptor study, the HIV hepatic-fibrosis review, the NIH LiverTox drug-safety monograph, the 2026 meta-analysis of five RCTs, and the recent anti-doping and lean-mass reviews. Where a digital object identifier or PubMed/NCBI record exists, it is given. These are the primary and authoritative sources; this page is the index they all point back to.

  1. Falutz J, Allas S, Blot K, Potvin D, Kotler D, Somero M, Berger D, et al. Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(23):2359-2370. ↗
  2. Falutz J, Allas S, Mamputu JC, Potvin D, Kotler D, Somero M, Berger D, Brown S, Richmond G, Fessel J, Turner R, Grinspoon S. Long-term safety and effects of tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue, in HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation. AIDS. 2008;22(14):1719-1728. ↗
  3. Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, Branch KL, Lee H, Torriani M, Grinspoon SK. Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(4):380-389. ↗
  4. Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Makimura H, Grinspoon SK. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(1):150-158. ↗
  5. Tesamorelin - LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); 2018. (Notes US approval in 2010, NDA 022505, for HIV-associated lipodystrophy; likelihood score E.) ↗
  6. Makimura H, Stanley TL, Chen CY, Branch KL, Grinspoon SK. Relationship of adiponectin to endogenous GH pulse secretion parameters in response to stimulation with a growth hormone releasing factor. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2011;21(3):155-159. ↗
  7. Falutz J, et al. A placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of a growth hormone releasing factor in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation. AIDS. 2005;19(12):1279-1287. ↗
  8. Gonzalez-Sales M, Barriere O, Tremblay PO, Nekka F, Mamputu JC, Boudreault S, Tanguay M. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015;54(3):285-294. ↗
  9. Gonzalez-Sales M, Barriere O, Tremblay PO, Nekka F, Mamputu JC, Boudreault S, Tanguay M. Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of tesamorelin in HIV-infected patients and healthy subjects. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2015;42(3):287-299. ↗
  10. Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Takeuchi LM, et al. Activation of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor stimulates cardiac reverse remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(2):559-563. ↗
  11. Yen DW, Sherman KE. Causes and outcomes of hepatic fibrosis in persons living with HIV. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2022;17(6):359-367. ↗
  12. Badran AS, et al. Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2026. ↗
  13. Ucakturk E, Nemutlu E. Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2026;254:117207. ↗
  14. Arora G, Conde KR, Desouza CV. Pharmacologic treatments for the preservation of lean body mass during weight loss. J Clin Med. 2026;15(2):541. ↗
  15. Mayfield CK, et al. Injectable peptide therapy: a primer for orthopaedic and sports medicine physicians. Am J Sports Med. 2026. ↗